Resources – Detailed Summary | Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science | Term 2 Geography

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Resources – Detailed Summary

Book: Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science

Term: Term 2

Subject: Geography

Unit: Unit 1

Lesson Name: Resources

About the Lesson

“Resources” is an important Geography lesson in the Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science book. This lesson explains the meaning, types, uses, and importance of resources.

Human beings use many things from nature to satisfy their needs. These useful things are called resources. Resources may be natural or human-made, renewable or non-renewable, biotic or abiotic, metallic or non-metallic.

Learning Objectives

To understand the meaning of resources.
To learn about the importance of natural resources.
To classify resources based on origin.
To distinguish biotic and abiotic resources.
To understand renewable and non-renewable resources.
To learn about metallic and non-metallic mineral resources.
To know about solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectricity.
To understand fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
To learn the need for conservation of resources.

Detailed Summary of the Lesson

1. Meaning of Resource

A resource is anything that can be used to satisfy human needs. Food, water, air, soil, minerals, forests, animals, sunlight, wind, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of resources.

Resources are very important because they support human life and economic development. Without resources, agriculture, industries, transport, trade, and daily life cannot function properly.

2. Importance of Resources

Natural resources satisfy the basic needs of human beings such as food, clothing, and shelter.

They also help in the economic development of a country. Minerals support industries, forests provide raw materials, water supports agriculture and power generation, and fossil fuels provide energy.

3. Classification of Resources

Resources can be classified in different ways. They can be classified based on origin, renewability, and nature.

Based on origin – Biotic and Abiotic resources.
Based on renewability – Renewable and Non-renewable resources.
Based on nature – Metallic and Non-metallic resources.
Based on energy – Conventional and Non-conventional energy resources.

4. Biotic Resources

Biotic resources are resources obtained from living and organic materials.

They are found in the biosphere. Plants, trees, animals, birds, fishes, human beings, microorganisms, crops, forests, and fossil fuels are examples of biotic resources.

5. Abiotic Resources

Abiotic resources are resources obtained from non-living and non-organic materials.

Land, water, air, sunlight, soil, temperature, gold, copper, iron, silver, and other minerals are examples of abiotic resources.

6. Renewable Resources

Renewable resources are resources that can be used again and again. They are naturally replaced or renewed.

Solar energy, wind energy, water energy, forests, and soil are examples of renewable resources. These resources should be used carefully so that they remain available for the future.

7. Non-Renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources are resources that are available only in limited quantities and cannot be replaced quickly once they are used.

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, and silver are examples of non-renewable resources. These resources take millions of years to form, so they must be conserved.

8. Metallic Resources

Metallic resources are mineral resources that contain metals.

Iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminium, and manganese are examples of metallic resources. They are very important for industries, construction, transport, machinery, and electrical goods.

9. Non-Metallic Resources

Non-metallic resources are minerals that do not contain metals.

Mica, limestone, gypsum, and coal are examples of non-metallic resources. They are used in industries, construction, electrical equipment, and many daily needs.

10. Iron

Iron is one of the most important metallic resources. It is used to make steel.

Steel is used in machinery, automobiles, ships, buildings, bridges, railway tracks, tools, and many engineering works. In Tamil Nadu, iron ore is found at Kanjamalai.

11. Copper

Copper is one of the first metals known and used by human beings.

It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. So it is widely used in electrical wires, electronic goods, utensils, coins, and alloys.

12. Aluminium

Aluminium is produced from bauxite ore.

It is light in weight, strong, and useful in construction, transport, aircraft, utensils, and electrical industries. Duralumin is an important alloy of aluminium.

13. Duralumin

Duralumin is a strong, hard, and lightweight alloy of aluminium.

It is widely used in aircraft construction. It is produced by adding small quantities of other metals to aluminium.

14. Manganese

Manganese is a steel-grey, hard, shiny, and brittle metal.

It is used in making electrical batteries, disinfecting liquids, bleaching powder, fertilizers, and steel. South Africa is one of the important producers of manganese.

15. Mica

Mica is an important non-metallic mineral. It is indispensable in the electrical and electronics industry.

It is used as an insulating material in the electrical industry. It is also used in making lubricating oil and decorative wallpapers.

16. Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock.

It is composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera, and molluscs. It is widely used in cement and construction industries.

17. Energy Resources

Energy resources are resources that produce power and energy.

Energy is needed for cooking, lighting, transport, agriculture, industries, machines, and communication. Important energy resources include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

18. Solar Energy

Solar energy is energy received from the sun.

It is a renewable and clean source of energy. It is not harmful to the environment. India, China, Japan, Italy, and the United States of America are major users of solar energy.

19. Kamuthi Solar Power Project

Kamuthi in Tamil Nadu is an important textbook point connected with solar energy.

It is mentioned in the textbook-back questions as the answer for the location of the largest solar power project in India.

20. Wind Energy

Wind energy is energy produced by the movement of wind.

Wind turbines convert wind energy into electricity. Wind power is called clean energy because wind turbines do not produce emissions.

21. Major Wind Farms in India

India has many important wind farms.

Muppandal
Jaisalmer
Brahmanvel
Jalgaon
Damanjodi

22. Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity generated from moving water.

Water flowing with high velocity and falling from a great height is used to rotate turbines and dynamos. Therefore, water is considered a great source of energy.

23. Major Hydroelectric Projects

Some important hydroelectric projects are:

Tehri Dam
Srisailam Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Sardar Sarovar Dam
Bhakra Nangal Dam

24. China and Hydroelectricity

China is mentioned as the largest producer of hydroelectricity in the textbook-back answers.

The Three Gorges Dam in China is one of the largest hydroelectricity projects in the world.

25. Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.

They are formed from hydrocarbons over millions of years. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the main fossil fuel resources.

26. Coal

Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel.

It is formed when dead plant matter is converted into peat over a long period. Coal is used as domestic fuel, in iron and steel industries, in steam engines, and to generate electricity.

27. Thermal Power

Electricity produced from coal is called thermal power.

Thermal power stations burn coal to produce heat, which is used to generate electricity.

28. Types of Coal

Coal is classified into four types based on carbon content:

Anthracite
Bituminous
Lignite
Peat

29. Petroleum

Petroleum is a fossil fuel found between layers of rocks.

It is drilled from oil fields located in offshore and coastal areas. Petroleum gives many useful products such as petrol, diesel, kerosene, wax, plastics, and lubricants.

30. Black Gold

Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold.

They are called so because they are very valuable and play an important role in transport, industries, agriculture, and daily life.

31. Petroleum Producing Regions

Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Qatar are important petroleum-producing countries.

In India, Digboi in Assam and Bombay High are important petroleum-producing regions.

32. Natural Gas

Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits.

It is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. Natural gas is used as domestic fuel and industrial fuel.

33. Need for Conservation of Resources

Resources are very useful, but many resources are limited. Non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, and minerals may be exhausted if we use them carelessly.

So resources must be used carefully. Conservation means using resources wisely and protecting them for future generations.

34. Ways to Conserve Resources

Use water carefully.
Reduce wastage of electricity.
Use public transport whenever possible.
Use renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy.
Plant more trees.
Recycle metals, paper, and plastic.
Avoid unnecessary use of fossil fuels.
Protect soil, forests, water bodies, and wildlife.

Central Idea of the Lesson

The central idea of the lesson is that resources are essential for human life and economic development. Resources may be biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable, metallic or non-metallic. Energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are very important. Since many resources are limited, they must be conserved and used wisely.

Classification of Resources

Basis of Classification	Types	Examples
Based on Origin	Biotic and Abiotic	Plants, animals, water, air, sunlight, minerals.
Based on Renewability	Renewable and Non-renewable	Solar energy, wind energy, coal, petroleum, minerals.
Based on Nature	Metallic and Non-metallic	Iron, copper, gold, mica, limestone.
Based on Energy	Conventional and Non-conventional	Coal, petroleum, solar energy, wind energy.

Biotic and Abiotic Resources

Biotic Resources	Abiotic Resources
They are obtained from living and organic materials.	They are obtained from non-living and non-organic materials.
They are found in the biosphere.	They are found in the physical environment.
Examples: Plants, trees, animals, fishes, human beings, crops, forests.	Examples: Land, water, air, sunlight, soil, gold, copper, silver.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

Renewable Resources	Non-Renewable Resources
They can be used again and again.	They cannot be replaced quickly once used.
They are naturally renewed.	They are available only in limited quantity.
They are generally cleaner and less polluting.	Many of them cause pollution when used.
Examples: Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower.	Examples: Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, silver.

Metallic and Non-Metallic Resources

Metallic Resources	Non-Metallic Resources
They contain metals.	They do not contain metals.
They are used in industries, machinery, transport, and construction.	They are used in construction, electrical industry, cement, and other industries.
Examples: Iron, copper, gold, aluminium, manganese.	Examples: Mica, limestone, gypsum, coal.

Important Minerals and Uses

Mineral	Type	Important Use
Iron	Metallic	Used to make steel, machinery, automobiles, ships, bridges, and buildings.
Copper	Metallic	Good conductor of heat and electricity; used in electrical wires and electronics.
Aluminium	Metallic	Produced from bauxite; used in aircraft, construction, utensils, and transport.
Manganese	Metallic	Used in electrical batteries, fertilizers, bleaching powder, and steel.
Mica	Non-metallic	Used as insulating material in electrical and electronics industry.
Limestone	Non-metallic	Sedimentary rock used in cement and construction industries.

Energy Resources

Energy Resource	Type	Important Point
Solar Energy	Renewable	Energy from the sun; clean and not harmful to the environment.
Wind Energy	Renewable	Wind turbines produce electricity without emissions.
Hydroelectricity	Renewable	Generated from moving water with turbines and dynamos.
Coal	Fossil Fuel	Used as fuel and to produce thermal power.
Petroleum	Fossil Fuel	Called Black Gold; gives petrol, diesel, kerosene, wax, and plastics.
Natural Gas	Fossil Fuel	Found with petroleum deposits and used as domestic and industrial fuel.

Fossil Fuels

Fossil Fuel	Formation / Source	Uses
Coal	Formed when dead plant matter changes into peat over a long period.	Domestic fuel, iron and steel industry, steam engines, electricity generation.
Petroleum	Found between layers of rocks and drilled from oil fields.	Petrol, diesel, kerosene, wax, plastics, lubricants.
Natural Gas	Found with petroleum deposits.	Domestic fuel and industrial fuel.

Types of Coal

Type of Coal	Important Point
Anthracite	Coal with high carbon content.
Bituminous	Commonly used coal.
Lignite	Brown coal with lower carbon content.
Peat	Early stage in coal formation.

Important Places and Projects

Place / Project	Importance
Kamuthi	Textbook-back answer for largest solar power project in India.
Kanjamalai	Iron ore is found here in Tamil Nadu.
Muppandal	Important wind farm in India.
Tehri Dam	Important hydroelectric project in Uttarakhand.
Bhakra Nangal Dam	Important hydroelectric project in India.
Three Gorges Dam	Important hydroelectricity project in China.
Digboi	Petroleum-producing region in Assam.
Bombay High	Important offshore petroleum-producing region in India.
Kolar Gold Field	One of the deep gold mines in India.

Important Exam Points from the Lesson

Topic	Important Point
Resource	Anything used to satisfy human needs.
Renewable Resource	Solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower.
Non-renewable Resource	Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, silver.
Biotic Resource	Plants, animals, forests, crops, birds, fishes, and human beings.
Abiotic Resource	Land, water, air, sunlight, soil, gold, copper, silver.
Largest Producer of Hydroelectricity	China.
Iron Ore in Tamil Nadu	Kanjamalai.
Aluminium Produced From	Bauxite ore.
Manganese Used In	Making electrical batteries.
Petroleum and Derivatives	Called Black Gold.
Copper	One of the first metals known and used by humans.
Mica	Indispensable mineral used in electrical and electronics industry.
Electricity Produced from Coal	Thermal Power.
Wind Power	Clean energy because wind turbines do not produce emissions.
Hydroelectricity	Generated from moving water with turbines and dynamos.
Coal Types	Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, Peat.
Fossil Fuels	Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Natural Gas	Found with petroleum deposits.

Vocabulary to Remember

Resource – anything used to satisfy human needs.
Natural Resource – resource obtained from nature.
Biotic Resource – resource obtained from living things.
Abiotic Resource – resource obtained from non-living things.
Renewable Resource – resource that can be used again and again.
Non-Renewable Resource – resource that cannot be replaced quickly once used.
Metallic Resource – mineral resource containing metal.
Non-Metallic Resource – mineral resource without metal.
Solar Energy – energy from the sun.
Wind Energy – energy produced from wind movement.
Hydroelectricity – electricity generated from moving water.
Fossil Fuel – fuel formed from dead plants and animals over millions of years.
Coal – fossil fuel used for thermal power.
Petroleum – fossil fuel found between rock layers.
Black Gold – petroleum and its derivatives.
Natural Gas – fuel found with petroleum deposits.
Bauxite – ore from which aluminium is produced.
Duralumin – strong, hard, lightweight aluminium alloy.
Mica – mineral used as an insulating material.
Limestone – sedimentary rock used in cement and construction.
Conservation – careful and wise use of resources.

TET / Exam Focus Areas

Very Important Focus: These are the most expected textbook-based areas from this lesson.

Define resource.
What is the importance of natural resources?
Classify resources based on origin.
Differentiate biotic and abiotic resources.
Differentiate renewable and non-renewable resources.
Differentiate metallic and non-metallic resources.
What are the uses of iron?
Which metal is one of the first metals known and used by man?
What is aluminium produced from?
Give a short note on Duralumin.
Why is wind power called clean energy?
Why is water considered a great source of energy?
Name any five hydroelectricity projects.
Name major wind farms in India.
Name the types of coal based on carbon content.
Which is called Black Gold?
Explain fossil fuel resources.
What are coal, petroleum, and natural gas?
Why should resources be conserved?

Short Answer Questions and Answers

1. Define resource.

The things which can be used for satisfying human needs are called resources.

2. What is the importance of resources?

Natural resources satisfy the daily needs of human beings such as food, clothing, and shelter. They also help in the economic development of a country.

3. What are biotic resources?

Biotic resources are resources obtained from living and organic materials. Plants, animals, forests, crops, fishes, birds, and human beings are examples.

4. What are abiotic resources?

Abiotic resources are resources obtained from non-living and non-organic materials. Land, water, air, sunlight, soil, gold, copper, and silver are examples.

5. What are renewable resources?

Renewable resources are resources that can be used again and again. Solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower are examples.

6. What are non-renewable resources?

Non-renewable resources are resources available only in limited quantities and cannot be replaced quickly once used. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, and silver are examples.

7. What are metallic resources?

Metallic resources are mineral resources that contain metals. Iron, copper, aluminium, gold, silver, and manganese are examples.

8. What are non-metallic resources?

Non-metallic resources are minerals that do not contain metals. Mica, limestone, gypsum, and coal are examples.

9. What are the uses of iron?

Iron is used to make steel. It is used in machinery, machine tools, automobiles, large ships, buildings, bridges, and other engineering works.

10. Which is one of the first metals known and used by man?

Copper is one of the first metals known and used by man.

11. What is aluminium produced from?

Aluminium is produced from bauxite ore.

12. Give a short note on Duralumin.

Duralumin is a strong, hard, and lightweight alloy of aluminium. It is widely used in aircraft construction.

13. Why is mica important?

Mica is important because it is used as an insulating material in the electrical and electronics industry.

14. Why is wind power called clean energy?

Wind power is called clean energy because wind turbines do not produce any emissions.

15. Why is water considered a great source of energy?

Water is considered a great source of energy because moving water with high velocity and great falls can be used to produce hydroelectricity with turbines and dynamos.

16. Name any five hydroelectricity projects.

Tehri Dam, Srisailam Dam, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Sardar Sarovar Dam, and Bhakra Nangal Dam are important hydroelectricity projects.

17. Name the types of coal based on carbon content.

Coal is classified into Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, and Peat based on carbon content.

18. What is thermal power?

Electricity produced from coal is called thermal power.

19. What is called Black Gold?

Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold because they are very valuable.

20. What are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals over millions of years. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples.

21. Where is petroleum found?

Petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in offshore and coastal areas.

22. What is natural gas?

Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. It is used as domestic and industrial fuel.

23. Name major wind farms in India.

Muppandal, Jaisalmer, Brahmanvel, Jalgaon, and Damanjodi are major wind farms in India.

24. Why should resources be conserved?

Resources should be conserved because many resources are limited and may be exhausted if used carelessly. Conservation protects resources for future generations.

How to Write This in Exam

For a short answer, write the direct definition first. For example, if the question asks “Define resource,” write “The things which can be used for satisfying human needs are called resources.”

For a long answer, divide the answer into headings such as meaning of resources, classification, biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, minerals, energy resources, fossil fuels, and conservation.

Sample Exam Answer

“Resources” is an important Geography lesson in 7th Social Science. Resources are things that can be used for satisfying human needs. Natural resources satisfy the daily needs of human beings such as food, clothing, and shelter. They also help in the economic development of a country.

Resources are classified in different ways. Based on origin, resources are divided into biotic and abiotic resources. Biotic resources are obtained from living and organic materials such as plants, animals, forests, crops, and fishes. Abiotic resources are obtained from non-living things such as land, water, air, sunlight, soil, gold, copper, and silver.

Based on renewability, resources are divided into renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources can be used again and again. Solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower are examples. Non-renewable resources are available only in limited quantities and cannot be replaced quickly once used. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, and silver are examples.

Mineral resources are also important. Iron is used to make steel and is useful in machinery, automobiles, ships, buildings, and bridges. Copper is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Aluminium is produced from bauxite ore. Mica is used in the electrical and electronics industry. Limestone is a sedimentary rock used in construction and cement industries.

Energy resources include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Wind power is clean energy because wind turbines do not produce emissions. Water is used to produce hydroelectricity. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels. Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold. Since many resources are limited, they must be used carefully and conserved for future generations.

One Mark Important Points

Resource – Anything used to satisfy human needs
Based on Origin – Biotic and Abiotic resources
Biotic Resources – Plants, animals, forests, crops, fishes
Abiotic Resources – Land, water, air, sunlight, soil, minerals
Renewable Resource – Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower
Non-Renewable Resource – Coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals
Largest Producer of Hydroelectricity – China
Iron Ore in Tamil Nadu – Kanjamalai
Aluminium Produced From – Bauxite ore
Manganese Used In – Electrical batteries
Petroleum and Derivatives – Black Gold
First Metal Known and Used by Man – Copper
Indispensable Mineral in Electrical Industry – Mica
Electricity Produced from Coal – Thermal Power
Wind Power – Clean energy
Wind Turbines – Do not produce emissions
Hydroelectricity – Generated from moving water
Coal Types – Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, Peat
Fossil Fuels – Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Natural Gas – Found with petroleum deposits
Duralumin – Strong, hard, lightweight alloy of aluminium
Limestone – Sedimentary rock
Major Wind Farms – Muppandal, Jaisalmer, Brahmanvel, Jalgaon, Damanjodi
Important Hydroelectric Projects – Tehri, Srisailam, Nagarjuna Sagar, Sardar Sarovar, Bhakra Nangal

Short Conclusion

“Resources” teaches us about the meaning, importance, types, and conservation of resources. It explains biotic, abiotic, renewable, non-renewable, metallic, and non-metallic resources. It also explains important minerals like iron, copper, aluminium, manganese, mica, and limestone. Energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are also discussed. This lesson is important for exams because many direct questions can be asked from renewable resources, non-renewable resources, biotic and abiotic resources, Black Gold, fossil fuels, coal types, mica, copper, bauxite, manganese, and hydroelectricity.